Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections

This report provides a map of parliamentary and presidential elections that are scheduled to be held at the national level in Europe in 2026, and a table of recent and upcoming parliamentary and presidential elections at the national level in Europe. It includes dates for direct parliamentary elections only, and excludes indirect elections. Europe is defined in this product as the 50 countries under the portfolio of the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs. The report does not include the Holy See (Vatican City), as there are no direct presidential or parliamentary elections held there. Electoral rules and governance structures can vary widely across European countries. Twelve European countries have held or are scheduled to hold direct presidential and/or parliamentary elections in 2026. Some dates may be subject to change due to snap elections, parliamentary votes of no confidence, or other factors. CRS has gathered information for this report from numerous sources, including the U.S. Department of State, Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA’s) World Factbook, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Election Guide, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and other news sources.