
Recent Votes
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN.
Apr 16, 2026 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN.
Apr 16, 2026 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN.
Apr 16, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to the Government of Israel of certain defense articles and services.
Apr 15, 2026 · Discharge
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to the Government of Israel of certain defense articles and services.
Apr 15, 2026 · Discharge
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
Apr 15, 2026 · Discharge
Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026
Mar 26, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Veterans Affairs relating to "Reproductive Health Services".
Mar 25, 2026 · Floor
Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026
Mar 25, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Beginning of Construction Requirements for Purposes of the Termination of Clean Electricity Production Credits and Clean Electricity Investment Credits for Applicable Wind and Solar Facilities".
Mar 25, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
Mar 24, 2026 · Discharge
Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025
Mar 24, 2026 · Floor
Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025
Mar 24, 2026 · Floor
Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025
Mar 21, 2026 · Floor
Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026
Mar 20, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
Mar 18, 2026 · Discharge
Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025
Mar 17, 2026 · Floor
Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026
Mar 12, 2026 · Floor
21st Century ROAD to Housing Act
Mar 12, 2026 · Floor
21st Century ROAD to Housing Act
Mar 11, 2026 · Floor
Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026
Mar 5, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.
Mar 4, 2026 · Discharge
21st Century ROAD to Housing Act
Mar 4, 2026 · Floor
21st Century ROAD to Housing Act
Mar 2, 2026 · Floor
Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026
Feb 24, 2026 · Floor
Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026
Feb 12, 2026 · Floor
Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025.
Feb 12, 2026 · Floor
Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025.
Feb 11, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Interim Guidance Simplifying Application of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax to Partnerships".
Feb 10, 2026 · Floor
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026
Jan 30, 2026 · Floor
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026
Jan 29, 2026 · Floor
Pregnant Students’ Rights Act
Jan 27, 2026 · Floor
Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026
Jan 15, 2026 · Floor
Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026
Jan 15, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.
Jan 14, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services relating to "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Marketplace Integrity and Affordability".
Jan 13, 2026 · Floor
Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026
Jan 12, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.
Jan 8, 2026 · Discharge
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period".
Jan 7, 2026 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act".
Dec 18, 2025 · Floor
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
Dec 17, 2025 · ResolvingDifferences
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
Dec 15, 2025 · Floor
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
Dec 11, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Dec 11, 2025 · Floor
Lower Health Care Costs Act
Dec 11, 2025 · Floor
Health Care Freedom for Patients Act of 2025
Dec 11, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Dec 10, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act".
Dec 10, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Dec 4, 2025 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision".
Dec 4, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision".
Dec 3, 2025 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment".
Nov 20, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule".
Nov 19, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment".
Nov 19, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Nov 11, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Nov 11, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Nov 10, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Nov 10, 2025 · Floor
Shutdown Fairness Act
Nov 7, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.
Nov 6, 2025 · Discharge
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Nov 4, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs.
Oct 30, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision".
Oct 30, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada.
Oct 29, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Record of Decision for the Barred Owl Management Strategy; Washington, Oregon, and California".
Oct 29, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision".
Oct 29, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil.
Oct 28, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 28, 2025 · Floor
Shutdown Fairness Act
Oct 23, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 22, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 20, 2025 · Floor
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026
Oct 16, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 16, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 15, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 14, 2025 · Floor
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
Oct 10, 2025 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan".
Oct 9, 2025 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan".
Oct 9, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 9, 2025 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan".
Oct 9, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy.
Oct 8, 2025 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan".
Oct 8, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 8, 2025 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment".
Oct 8, 2025 · Floor
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment".
Oct 7, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 6, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 3, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Oct 3, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Oct 1, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Oct 1, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Sep 30, 2025 · Floor
Eliminate Shutdowns Act
Sep 30, 2025 · Floor
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
Sep 19, 2025 · Floor
A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2026 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2027 through 2035.
Sep 16, 2025 · Floor
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Emissions Budget and Allowance Allocations for Indiana Under the Revised Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update".
Sep 16, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Sep 15, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Sep 11, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Sep 11, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Sep 11, 2025 · Floor
An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.
Sep 9, 2025 · Floor
Sponsored Bills
A bill to amend title 28, United States Code, to prohibit attorneys for the Government who are sanctioned by a court from temporarily representing the Government.
S 4324 · 119th Congress
A bill to provide a civil remedy for any individual whose rights have been violated by a Federal law enforcement officer carrying out an immigration-related enforcement action.
S 4333 · 119th Congress
A bill to improve the hiring and training processes at U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
S 4326 · 119th Congress
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to "Bulletin 2022-06: Unfair Returned Deposited Item Fee Assessment Practices".
SJRES 153 · 119th Congress
Grocery, Farm, and Food Worker Protection Act of 2026
S 4101 · 119th Congress
DHS Hiring Review Act
S 3996 · 119th Congress
Homeland Security Improvement Act
S 3997 · 119th Congress
LOCATE Act
S 3995 · 119th Congress
Advanced Weather Model Computing Development Act
S 3854 · 119th Congress
Stop Price Gouging in Grocery Stores Act of 2026
S 3892 · 119th Congress
CLEAN SMART Act of 2026
S 3828 · 119th Congress
Fair Repair Act
S 3821 · 119th Congress
Nutrition Administration Assistance Act of 2026
S 3594 · 119th Congress
A bill to amend the Aamodt Litigation Settlement Act to modify a provision relating to the extension of certain dates for the completion of the Regional Water System, and for other purposes.
S 3573 · 119th Congress
LISTOS Act of 2025
S 3540 · 119th Congress
Strengthening Sanctions on Fentanyl Traffickers Act of 2025
S 3330 · 119th Congress
Disarm Hate Act
S 3256 · 119th Congress
Restoring Food Security for American Families and Farmers Act of 2025
S 3281 · 119th Congress
Taos Pueblo Indian Water Rights Settlement Amendments Act of 2025
S 3242 · 119th Congress
Fire Innovation Unit Act of 2025
S 3190 · 119th Congress
School Meals for Healthy Kids Act of 2025
S 3157 · 119th Congress
LEAF Act of 2025
S 3152 · 119th Congress
Responsible Wildland Fire Recovery Act
S 3149 · 119th Congress
Pay Our Capitol Police Act
S 3094 · 119th Congress
Keep SNAP and WIC Funded Act of 2025
S 3071 · 119th Congress
A bill to amend section 7014 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to advance toward full Federal funding for impact aid, and for other purposes.
S 2921 · 119th Congress
Indian Programs Advance Appropriations Act of 2025
S 2771 · 119th Congress
Seedlings for Sustainable Habitat Restoration Act of 2025
S 2643 · 119th Congress
Gas Pipeline Leak Detection and Repair Act of 2025
S 2508 · 119th Congress
Restore and Modernize Our National Laboratories Act of 2025
S 2325 · 119th Congress
Prevent Interruptions in Physical Therapy Act of 2025
S 2225 · 119th Congress
Community Solar Consumer Choice Act of 2025
S 2182 · 119th Congress
HCBS Relief Act of 2025
S 2076 · 119th Congress
A resolution expressing support for the designation of May 2025 as "Mental Health Awareness Month".
SRES 249 · 119th Congress
A resolution designating May 2025 as "American Stroke Month".
SRES 256 · 119th Congress
SNAP Administrator Retention Act of 2025
S 1905 · 119th Congress
Farmer to Farmer Education Act of 2025
S 1769 · 119th Congress
TEST AI Act of 2025
S 1633 · 119th Congress
BABIES Act
S 1598 · 119th Congress
Midwives for MOMS Act of 2025
S 1599 · 119th Congress
Chaco Cultural Heritage Area Protection Act of 2025
S 1412 · 119th Congress
A resolution supporting the goals and ideals of National Public Health Week.
SRES 182 · 119th Congress
New Mexico Land Grant-Mercedes Historical or Traditional Use Cooperation and Coordination Act
S 1363 · 119th Congress
REPAIR Act
S 1379 · 119th Congress
No Tax Breaks for Union Busting (NTBUB) Act
S 1310 · 119th Congress
Special Government Employees Transparency Act of 2025
S 1196 · 119th Congress
FCC Legal Enforcement Act
S 1025 · 119th Congress
Strengthening Communities of Recovery Act
S 1022 · 119th Congress
Pregnant and Postpartum Women Treatment Reauthorization Act
S 1004 · 119th Congress
Tech to Save Moms Act
S 958 · 119th Congress
Honor Our Living Donors Act
S 957 · 119th Congress
Mining Waste, Fraud, and Abuse Prevention Act of 2025
S 859 · 119th Congress
Broadcast Freedom and Independence Act of 2025
S 867 · 119th Congress
Abandoned Well Remediation Research and Development Act
S 818 · 119th Congress
Hatch Act Enforcement Transparency and Accountability Act
S 806 · 119th Congress
Expanding Local Meat Processing Act of 2025
S 782 · 119th Congress
Regional Leadership in Wildland Fire Research Act of 2025
S 647 · 119th Congress
Technical Corrections to the Northwestern New Mexico Rural Water Projects Act, Taos Pueblo Indian Water Rights Settlement Act, and Aamodt Litigation Settlement Act
S 640 · 119th Congress
Navajo-Gallup Water Supply Project Amendments Act of 2025
S 637 · 119th Congress
DOT Victim and Survivor Advocate Act
S 415 · 119th Congress
Acequia Communities Empowered by Qualifying Upgrades for Infrastructure Act
S 228 · 119th Congress
SNAP Administrator Retention Act of 2024
S 5596 · 118th Congress
Honor Our Living Donors Act
S 5504 · 118th Congress
CLEAN SMART Act of 2024
S 5527 · 118th Congress
High Court Gift Ban Act
S 5268 · 118th Congress
Community Solar Consumer Choice Act of 2024
S 5259 · 118th Congress
BABIES Act
S 5262 · 118th Congress
A resolution countering disinformation, propaganda, and misinformation in Latin America and the Caribbean, and calling for multi-stakeholder efforts to address the significant detrimental effects that the rise in disinformation, propaganda, and misinformation in regional information environments has on democratic governance, human rights, and United States national interests.
SRES 833 · 118th Congress
Tribal Employment and Training Support Act
S 4950 · 118th Congress
Autism CARES Act of 2024
S 4762 · 118th Congress
A resolution recognizing the contributions of Hispanic and Latino Americans to the musical heritage of the United States and designating May 2024 as "Latin Music Appreciation Month".
SRES 702 · 118th Congress
A resolution designating May 2024 as "American Stroke Month".
SRES 711 · 118th Congress
A resolution expressing support for the designation of May 2024 as "Mental Health Awareness Month".
SRES 709 · 118th Congress
Fair Repair Act
S 4422 · 118th Congress
DOT Victim and Survivor Advocate Act
S 4314 · 118th Congress
Secure and Affordable Broadband Extension Act
S 4317 · 118th Congress
New Mexico Land Grant-Mercedes Historical or Traditional Use Cooperation and Coordination Act
S 4271 · 118th Congress
Regional Leadership in Wildland Fire Research Act of 2024
S 4191 · 118th Congress
A resolution supporting the goals and ideals of National Public Health Week.
SRES 632 · 118th Congress
CARE Act of 2024
S 4038 · 118th Congress
Family Strengthening Infrastructure Act of 2024
S 3774 · 118th Congress
Alternative Pathways to Child Abuse Prevention Act
S 3769 · 118th Congress
Advanced Weather Model Computing Development Act
S 3642 · 118th Congress
Creative Workforce Investment Act
S 3572 · 118th Congress
Pregnant and Postpartum Women Treatment Reauthorization Act
S 3447 · 118th Congress
Strengthening Communities of Recovery Act
S 3424 · 118th Congress
Technical Corrections to the Northwestern New Mexico Rural Water Projects Act, Taos Pueblo Indian Water Rights Settlement Act, and Aamodt Litigation Settlement Act
S 3406 · 118th Congress
Kid PROOF Act of 2023
S 3364 · 118th Congress
DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act
S 3301 · 118th Congress
TEST AI Act of 2024
S 3162 · 118th Congress
PRICE Act
S 3161 · 118th Congress
A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate in support of the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) nuclear security role.
SRES 429 · 118th Congress
Transparency in Legacy Road and Trail Remediation Act of 2023
S 3116 · 118th Congress
Cerro Pelado Fire Assistance Act
S 3032 · 118th Congress
Hermit’s Peak/Calf Canyon Claims Extension Act
S 3031 · 118th Congress
WaterSMART Access for Tribes Act
S 2927 · 118th Congress
Humanitarian Standards for Individuals in U.S. Customs and Border Protection Custody Act
S 2864 · 118th Congress
Honoring National Recovery Month Act
S 2766 · 118th Congress
Office of Technology Assessment Improvement and Enhancement Act
S 2618 · 118th Congress
Farmer to Farmer Education Act of 2023
S 2614 · 118th Congress